03/03/2024
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Major A. Playfair āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âThe Garosâ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âThe origin of the name âGaroâ has been the subject of some conjectureâĻ.In the southern portion of the hills there exists a division of the tribe who call themselves Gara or Ganching. These people are not far removed from the Mymensingh district, from which direction the Garo were first approached by Europeans or Bengalis. It is therefore not likely that this division of the tribe first received their appellation of Gara, that the name was extended to all the inhabitants of the hills, and that in time it became corrupted from âGaraâ to âGaroâ.âā§§ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻ âāĻāĻžāϰāĻžâ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ âāĻāĻžāϰāĻžâ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϤāϰā§āĻĒāĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ âāĻāĻžāϰā§âāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝā§ā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻŦāϞ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āύ, âAnother theory which has its foundation on the story of the migration from Tibet which I have given elsewhere, is that one of the original leaders of the migration was named Garu, and that he gave his name to the tribe. In one of old songs I find the country of their origin referred to as âGaru Aâĸsongâ or the country of Garu.â⧍ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻŽāϤā§, āĻ
āϤā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻŽāύ āϝāĻžāĻāϰ āύā§āϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŋāϞ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĻ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤
Jayanta Bhusan Bhattacharjee āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âThe Garos and the English 1765 to 1874â āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŽā§āĻāϰ āĻ. āĻĒā§āϞā§āĻĢā§ā§āĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âThere are two theories on this point. The first suggest the word to be a corruption of the name of one of the sub-divisions of the tribe, while second of a leader. The southern part of the hills are inhabited by a section of the tribe called âGara-GanchingââĻ.Another theory was that one of the original leaders of Garo migration from Tibet to their present tract was one âGaruâ, and he gave his name to the tribe.âā§Š
āϤāĻŦā§ Julius L. R. Marak āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âThe Garo Customary Laws and Practicesâ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŽā§āĻāϰ āĻ. āĻĒā§āϞā§āĻĢā§ā§āĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻā§āϞ⧠āύāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âThe presumption made by A. Playfair that the word âGaroâ is a corruption of Gara or Ganching does not hold good. The Gara or Ganching division of the tribe occupies a small portion of the south of Garo Hills district. This name Gara or Ganching is a dialectical group of the Garo tribe, whereas, the Garos are already there in the districts of Mymensingh and Cooch Behar. If any foreign visitor came in contact with any of the Garos, he would have contacted Garos of Sylhet or Mymensingh district.âā§Ē
āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻŽāϤā§, āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻā§ âāĻā§ā§â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŦāĻ-āĻĒā§āϏā§āϤāĻā§ āĻā§ā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āϰā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ R. C. Majumdar, H. C. Roychoudhury, Kalikinkar Datta āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ âAn Advanced History of Indiaâ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻāĻā§, ââĻIkhtiyar-ud-din Muhammad, son of Bakhtiyar Khalji, who had driven Lakshmapa Sena from Nadia possibly to Eastern Bengal, to a place near Dacca, where the Sena power survived for more than half a century and had made Gaur or Lakhnauti, in the modem Maldah district, the seat of his government.âā§Ģ
William Carey āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âThe Garo Jungle Bookâ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âThere is a legend that one Shanka, a king of Garo affinities, centuries before the Christian era, founded the city of Gour, which for two thousand years remained the capital of Bengal. Gaur and Garo may, therefore, be more closely allied than by similarity of sound.âā§Ŧ
⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦā§ā§ā§āĻž āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ āϏāĻāĻžāϰ ā§Ēā§ŽāϤāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āώāĻŋāĻ āĻāύāĻĢāĻžāϰā§āύā§āϏ-āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āĻā§āϝā§āύāĻŋā§āϰ-āĻ āĻāĻžāύā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âBoro, Garo Aru Hajong Samajar Samkritik Sadishyaâ āĻļā§āϰā§āώāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦāĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ-āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ
āĻāĻļā§ âāĻā§ā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝâ āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻĒā§āϤā§āϰ āĻ
āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§ā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻā§ā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āϞāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤âā§
Julius L. R. Marak āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âThe Garo Customary Laws and Practicesâ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âIn the history of India, we find that there existed a flourishing civilized kingdom of Gaur around the year c. 1000 A.D. Before the advent of the Muslims in North-east India, the Kingdom of Gaur in Bengal was an independent one.âā§Ž
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ D. S. Rongmuthu āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ âThe Gaur Kingdomâ āĻŦāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āϧā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âAnother irrefutable proof of the Garos being Gaurs or Gours is that BOONEAH (or Nokma) is still the head of a sib or clan amongst the ancient Gaurs. The name âGAROâ is believed by a number of learned scholars to be but a corruption of name âGAURâ. Elsewhere, in an old record, it is written of Shangkal, who built the capital city of Gaur of Bengal, as âSHANGKALâ, the Garo king of Gaur.â⧝
āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āĻāύā§āύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻā§ā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āύā§āĻāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻžā§, âYet another opinion which says that the word is a corruption of the name Gaur or Gour to Garo is also very vague. This is not clearly shown or proved in any historical records that the ancient kingdom of Gaor or Gour really belonged to the Garo kings.âā§§ā§Ļ
Nagendranath Vasu āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§ā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âāĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻāĻžāϏâ āĻĨā§āĻā§ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âThe Social History of Kamrupaâ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âIn ancient times Garos were known as Garudas. The white palace of Garuda situated on a mountain on the shores of the Lohitasagara, refers very probably to the residence of these Garudas on Garo hills. In the Mahabharata Garuda is described as sworn enemy to the snake and is given the epithet of âKiratasinâ (devourer of Kiratas)âĻ.It is said in the Bhabishya and Samba Puranas that Garuda brought the Maga or Scythian Brahmins to India. It is needless to mention that this story is used figuratively in the Puranas. The Garos even in the present day carry persons on the two wings made of bamboo fixed on their back. It is probable that these were the people who carried the Magii on their wings from the remote Central Asia into this country.âā§§ā§§
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âIn those days the Sadanira or Karatoya, and the Lauhitya (modern Brahmaputra) probably flowed into this part of the Sea, which in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata has been called the Lohita-sagara (Red Sea). In describing the Eastern quarter the Ramayana has the following: The terrible Lohita-sagara is full of red waters; not far from it is the home of Garuda, king of birds, upon a mountain top, on the summit of which dwells a class of monsters called Mandeha. Now this home of Garuda, as described in the Ramayana, is evidently the Garudachala now known as the Garo hills and also called Manda-saila in the Joginitautra, probably after the Mandehas mentioned above.â⧧⧍
Shri Anjanjyoti Borah āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĨāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϏāĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨ âChanging Status of Women in Matrilineal Garo Societyâ-āϤ⧠āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, âP. C. Nath agrees that the bird which tried to rescue Sita from Ravana was the king of birds Garuda and the name Garo has been derived from the name âGarudaâ.âā§§ā§Š
āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ Jobang D. Marak-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āώāϰāĻž āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤā§āϰ āϝ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŋāϞ âāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āĻļâāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āύ, âāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āĻļâ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĻ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻšāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞā§ā§āϰ āĻ
āĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠âāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āĻļâ āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āĻļ āϰā§ā§āĻā§, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϰāĻž âāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻĻāĻžāĻâ āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ā§§ā§Ē
āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ Mihir N. Sangma-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻžā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻā§āϤāĨ¤ā§§ā§Ģ
āĻā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāϏ āĻāϰ. āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âYet another source says that the word âGaroâ is derived from a Bodo word, Bodos being the Tribe from which âGoaâ has been separated from them. In the Bodo language âGoaâ means to separate and migrate, and Gaoro-Gaolang means to become separate gradually. The Bodos and the Dimasa called the tribe has separated from them as âGaoâ or âGaoroâ. The Bodos consider Garos as one of their brothers who have been separated from them earlier during the migratory period. They call these separated brothers as, âGaoâ or âGaoroâ meaning separated and migrated to another place. The word, âGaroâ might have been used in later years.âā§§ā§Ŧ
āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§, āĻāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻžāώāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ âāĻŦā§ā§ā§â āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻāϤāĨ¤ It is commonly agreed that linguistically and ethnologically, the Garos belong to the Bodo family.ā§§ā§
The Lexico-Statistical Dating Analysis shows that both the Bodos and the Garos spoke the same language in the first millennium B.C.ā§§ā§Ž
āϤāĻŦā§ āĻā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāϏ āĻāϰ. āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŽāϤ āĻĒā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âThe theory that the word Garo is a corruption of the name Gao or Gaoro has little value. The Garos belong to the Bodo group and are member of the Tibeto-Burman and Siamese-Chinese races. This also does not give a clear picture whether the Garos and the Bodos were once together.â⧧⧝
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âThe Garos when they first migrated from Tibet settld for nearly 400 years in the land known to the Garos as âAâĸsong patari, chiga sunari (Cooch Behar)â. While in the Cooch Behar district, the Garos food consisted of meat, very offensive to the plains tribes. The Cooch Behar king having failed to stop them from their habit of taking this meat, âSua ste Nangana, jat manijanaâ (Casteless society), did not allow them to stay in his kingdom and began oppressing them. Thus, the Cooch Behar people with whom the Garos first came into contact, gave them the name âGAURUâ (slang) which means a beef eater or a fool. Thus, the name, âGaroâ is believed to be a corrupt form of âGauruâ.â⧍ā§Ļ
āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ Francis Hamilton āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ Dr. S. K. Bhuyan āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϤ âAn Account of Assamâ āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻāĻā§, âMy informants say that Garo is a Bengalese word, nor do they seem to have any general word to express their nation, each of the tribes into which it is divided having a name peculiar to itself.â⧍⧧
Edward T. Dalton-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āύāĻžāĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĻ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻžāĨ¤ā§¨ā§¨
āϤāĻŦā§ āĻā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāϏ āĻāϰ. āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âThe theory which says that the word Garo is a word of contempt, Garuru (slang) used by outsiders is also hard to believe. Till today, the exact meaning of the word Garo cannot be explained properly by anyone. Of course, the word Garo is etymological. Every author gives his own interpretation or presumption.âā§¨ā§Š
āĻĄ. (āϰā§āĻāĻž.) āĻāĻŋāϞāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§, âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋ âāĻāĻžāĻâ āĻāĻŦāĻ âāϰā§āϰā§â āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦā§ā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ âāĻāĻžāĻâ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻžāύāĻž āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ âāϰā§āϰā§â āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āύāĻŋāϰāĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻā§āϞāĻžāύā§āϤāĨ¤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāϰāĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻā§āϞāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ (continuous invader) āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ âāĻāĻžāϰā§âāĨ¤ā§¨ā§Ē
Shri Anjanjyoti Borah āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĨāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϏāĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āϏāύā§āύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âMr. Surosen G. Momin, former president of Garo Sahitya Sabha says that the word âGaroâ is actually not an Aâĸchik word. The Garos mainly adopt jhum system of cultivation which is known the Assamese as âGariâ system. Aâĸbri and Aâĸchik word means hill. âAâĸba chaâĸram aâĸbriâ in Aâĸchik language means the hill where the jhum cultivation is done. In course of time âGariâ distorted to âGaroâ. The British started to call the hilly region the âGaro Hillsâ where the tribe practicing jhum cultivation lives. Some Garo people felt that during early days taking advantage of their innocence and ignorance they were called âGadha Garuâ (meaning fool like a cow) by others. S.N. Dubey says that the term Garo was given to them by non-tribal of plains people. The English people began to call this people as Guru and later on as âGaroâ.â.â⧍ā§Ģ
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝā§ā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύāĻā§ āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻžā§, âThe theory of Bodo origin of the Garos seems to be most convincing explanation both from historical and linguistical points of view. The Garos and the Bodos are the members of the Bodo dialect family which had spaned out from the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group. In their dialect âBodâ means âsnowâ and âBod-Biâĸsaâ means âchildren of snowâ. The meaning of âBod-Biâĸsaâ is same both Bodo and Garo language. Both Bodos and Garos consider Bod Biâĸsa as children of snow. Dr. Milton Sangma says that âBodâ is also a Tibetian language. So he holds the view that âBodoâ speaking people had migrated from Tibet.â ⧍ā§Ŧ
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āύ, âIt is also mentioned earlier that the word 'Garoâ is a word supposed to have been given either by the Bengali or the Assamese communities. It is convincing that the term is coined by some non-Garo communities. From the foregoing discussion it may be inferred that most of the theories on the origin of the word âGaroâ are mere suppositions. Interesting fact is that the Garos never call themselves âGaroâ by which the community is known both officially and unofficially. Only the theory of Bodo origin seems to bear some convincing explanation regarding the origin of the word âGaroââ.â.⧍ā§
āĻŽāĻŖā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ âāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤâ āĻļā§āϰā§āώāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ,âāĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻ
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āύā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻāϰā§āώ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻšā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϤā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻā§āύ⧠āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϤā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻā§āϰāĻšā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒ-āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻšāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāύāĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž, āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϞāĻāĻžāĻāĻž, āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻšāϤā§āĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŦ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāϝāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒāϰāĻžāϏā§āϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻžā§, āĻāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻž āĻŦā§ âāĻāĻžā§āĻļāĻā§āϤâ āĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāώāĻžā§ âāĻāĻžā§ā§ā§āĻžâ, âāĻāĻžāϰā§ā§āĻžâ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϤā§āĻ āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϏā§āĻā§āĨ¤âā§¨ā§Ž
āϤāĻŦā§ āĻā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāϏ āĻāϰ. āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ âāĻāĻžāϰā§â āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝā§ā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŦāϏā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāύ āĻāϰāĻā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ, âThe last theory that the word Garo is a corrupt form of the word, Garu or Garudas or Garuda holds good. Their forefathers always spoke of their migration from Tibet, and passed on to generations in Epic Lore (Katta Aganna) about the Garu Mandai. There was some truth in it. This Epic Lore of Garos speaks in terms of âAâĸchikâ or âMandeâ and never in terms of Garo. Their forefathers failed to pass on their verbal traditions to their descendents about the present use of the word Garo because the very word did not exist then, this word was coined by outsiders later being evolved gradually. When the Garos migrated from Tibet they were known as Garu Mandai. When they settled down in India during the Vedic period they began to be calld as âKiaratasâ. Laters, the Garos came to be known as Garudas during the age of the Ramayana and Garuda in the Mahabharata period. The British writers called them âGarrowâ for âGaroâ. Thus, in course of time Garu became Garo.â⧍⧝
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻā§āώāĻžāύā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻā§āώ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻžā§, âMany writers have tried to trace the origin of the word âGaroâ without any satisfactory results.âā§Šā§Ļ
However, the above evidence may not be sufficient to convince a man about the etymon of the word Garo. Further investigations might be necessary.âā§Šā§§
āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŽāĻŖā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āύ, âāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻšāĻŋāϞāϏā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻžāĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦāĻā§āĻ, āĻāϏāĻžāĻŽ, āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰāĻž āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϰā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻāϞā§āĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāϤā§āϰāĻ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϏāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤âā§Šā§¨
āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏā§āϤā§āϰ
ā§§. Playfair, A., The Garos, (1909), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§
⧍. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϤ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§
ā§Š. Bhattachaijee, J.B., The Garos and the English 1765 to 1874, (1978), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-⧝
ā§Ē. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000) āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ģ
ā§Ģ. Majumdar, R.C., Roychoudhury, H.C., Datta, Kalikinkar, An Advanced History of India, (1960), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§¨ā§Žā§Ļ
ā§Ŧ. Carey, William, The Garo Jungle Book, (1919), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Š
ā§. Sovenir, The 48th Annual Conference of Bodo Sahitya Sabha, (2009), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-⧍ā§Ļ
ā§Ž. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ģ
⧝. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ŧ, op. cit. Rongmuthu, D.S., The Gaur kingdom, North-Eastern Spectrum, Vol. lll, No. 1-3, (1978), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§§ā§Ģ
ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϤ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ž
ā§§ā§§. Vasu, Nagendranath, The Social History of Kamrupa, Vol. l (Hamdyana, Kishkindhya, Chapter 40, Sloka 41), (1922), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-⧝ā§Ŧ
⧧⧍. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϤ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-⧍ā§Ļ, ⧍⧧
ā§§ā§Š. Borah, S., Anjanjyoti, Changing Status of Women in Matrilineal Garo Society: A Case Study of the Resubelpara Development Block under East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, (2010), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§Ē
ā§§ā§Ē. Marak, D. Jobang, The Garo History (Aâĸweni Aganna), (1933), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§§
ā§§ā§Ģ. Sangma, M.N., The Garos-âName, Meaning and Originâ, an article in The Hill Societies Their Modernization, Edited by M.S. Sangma, (1995), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§Š
ā§§ā§Ŧ. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ŧ, ā§, op. cit. Shri Moniram Mochari, Village Merbangsuba, District Darang, Assam, 20.11.1979
ā§§ā§. Gassah, L.S., ed. Garo Hills Land and the People, (1984), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§§ā§¨ā§Š
ā§§ā§Ž. Sangma, M.N., The Garos-âName, Meaning and Originâ, an article in The Hill Societies Their Modernisation, Edited by M.S. Sangma, (1995), op. cit. p. 33
⧧⧝. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ž
⧍ā§Ļ. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ŧ, op. cit. Shri Nitiram Sangma, Village Nongchram, East Garo Hills, 17.07.1979
⧍⧧. Hamilton, Francis, Edited by Bhuyan S.K., An Account of Assam, (1940), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Žā§¯
⧍⧍. Dalton, Edward T., Tribal History of Eastern India (1872), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ģ⧝
ā§¨ā§Š. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ž
⧍ā§Ē. Borah, S., Anjanjyoti, Changing Status of Women in Matrilineal Garo Society: A Case Study of the Resubelpara Development Block under East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, (2010), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§Ģ
⧍ā§Ģ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϤ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§Ŧ
⧍ā§Ŧ. Borah, S., Anjanjyoti, Changing Status of Women in Matrilineal Garo Society: A Case Study of the Resubelpara Development Block under East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, (2010), op. cit. āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§Ŧ, Sangma, M.S., Editor, The Hill Societies Their Modernisation, (1995), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§Š
⧍ā§. Borah, S., Anjanjyoti, Changing Status of Women in Matrilineal Garo Society: A Case Study of the Resubelpara Development Block under East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, (2010), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Šā§¯
ā§¨ā§Ž. āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ, āĻŽāĻŖā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ, āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤ, āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāϰāĻž, (⧧⧝ā§ā§Ž)
⧍⧝. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ž, op. cit. Eliot, John, Observations on the inhabitants of the Garrow Hills, made during a public deputation the Years, 1978 and 1979, Asiatic Researches, lll, (1972), p. 17
ā§Šā§Ļ. Marak, J.L.R., The Garo Customary Laws and Practices, (2000), āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-ā§Ē
ā§Šā§§. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϤ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž-⧝
ā§Šā§¨. āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ, āĻŽāĻŖā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ, āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤ, āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāϰāĻž, (⧧⧝ā§ā§Ž)