04/06/2026
COMPLEMENTARY OR CONTRADICTORY? Navigating AI in Music
By Josh Nyapimbi
The Industry Divide:
The global music industry is split on how to handle artificial intelligence. Spotify and Universal Music Group (UMG) have struck a landmark deal to monetise AI, allowing fans to create authorised remixes via a paid add-on. This model turns AI into a revenue stream while compensating rights holders. Conversely, YouTube has adopted a defensive stance, initiating a sweeping purge of AI content to protect copyright integrity and artist brands.
Implications for Zimbabwe:
This divergence creates a dilemma for Zimbabwe’s largely informal creative sector. While many local artists rely on YouTube for exposure, the platform's strict AI purge risks stifling the viral creativity that emerging acts need. Conversely, while Spotify’s model offers potential new income, it requires formal copyright structures and licensing agreements that are currently lacking in Zimbabwe’s informal market.
Global Advocacy & The 2005 Convention
These market tensions highlight the urgent need for robust policy. International creative civil society organisations, including Nhimbe Trust, are advocating for the revision of UNESCO’s 2005 Convention Operational Guidelines. The goal is to ensure the digital environment fosters human creativity rather than merely incentivising AI adoption. Key recommendations include:
Enforce Copyright (ART Principles): The use of protected works in AI must be subject to prior Authorisation, fair Remuneration, and Transparency regarding data use and value generation.
Reject a "Right to Use AI": Provisions suggesting a "right to use AI" in the name of artistic freedom should be removed, as they could pressure artists to adopt tools against their will.
Regulate LLMs & Bias: Guidelines should not support the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) by monopolistic tech giants without adequate safeguards to prevent cultural homogenisation.
Protect Creative Professions: Explicitly prevent guidelines that encourage replacing human professionals - such as translators and dubbing artists - with generative AI.
Call to Action
To balance innovation with the protection of human artistry, the following stakeholders must act:
Artists & Representative Orgs: Advocate for strong copyright protections and fair compensation models.
UNESCO & Governments: Implement and enforce guidelines that prioritise human creators and regulate AI development.
Record Labels: Create fair licensing frameworks that legitimise AI use without exploiting artists.
AI Tech Companies: Commit to transparency and respect for intellectual property rights.
Funders & Investors: Prioritise funding for AI ventures that demonstrate ethical data sourcing and consent, specifically those that augment human artists rather than replacing them.
Consumers: Support ethical AI usage and value authentic human creativity.